Strategic management is the complete process that companies use to plan, implement, and control their long-term direction. It helps organizations achieve their goals and stay competitive in the market.
(Le management stratégique est le processus complet que les entreprises utilisent pour planifier, mettre en œuvre et contrôler leur direction à long terme. Il aide les organisations à atteindre leurs objectifs et à rester compétitives sur le marché.)
The strategic management process has three main phases that work together in a continuous cycle:
This is the thinking and planning phase. The company analyzes its situation and decides what strategy to follow.
Understanding the current situation by analyzing two areas:
A. External Analysis (What is happening outside the company?)
B. Internal Analysis (What are the company's strengths and weaknesses?)
Defining clear goals that the company wants to achieve in the long term.
Examples: Increase market share by 20%, expand to 3 new countries, improve customer satisfaction to 90%, reduce costs by 15%
Identifying the difference between where the company is now and where it wants to be.
Formula: Strategic Gap = Desired Position - Current Position
Creating different possible strategies to close the strategic gap.
Examples: Enter new markets, develop new products, form partnerships, reduce costs, improve quality, acquire competitors
Analyzing each option and choosing the best strategy based on:
This is the action phase. The company puts the chosen strategy into practice by organizing resources and people.
1. Resource Management
Allocating and organizing money, people, equipment, and time to support the strategy.
2. Information Systems
Setting up systems to collect, process, and share information needed for decision-making and coordination.
3. Organizational Design
Creating or changing the company structure (departments, teams, reporting lines) to fit the strategy.
4. Management System
Establishing leadership practices, decision-making processes, and performance management systems.
5. People Behavior and Culture
Managing change, motivating employees, building the right culture, and ensuring everyone understands and supports the strategy.
This is the monitoring and adjustment phase. The company checks if the strategy is working and makes corrections when needed.
1. Implementation Control
Checking if the strategy is being executed correctly and achieving the planned results.
Activities:
2. Vigilance Control (Strategic Watch)
Continuously monitoring the external environment for new changes, threats, or opportunities.
Activities:
Strategic management is not a one-time activity. It is a continuous cycle where control feedback leads back to formulation. Companies must constantly analyze, adjust, and improve their strategies to stay competitive.
| English | Français |
|---|---|
| Strategic management | Management stratégique |
| Formulation | Formulation |
| Implementation | Mise en œuvre |
| Control | Contrôle |
| Strategic diagnosis | Diagnostic stratégique |
| External analysis | Analyse externe |
| Internal analysis | Analyse interne |
| Strategic gap | Brèche / Écart stratégique |
| Strategic options | Options stratégiques |
| Objectives | Objectifs |
| Resource management | Gestion des ressources |
| Organizational design | Design organisationnel |
| Information systems | Systèmes d'information |
| Strategic watch | Veille stratégique |
| Performance monitoring | Suivi de la performance |
| To implement | Mettre en œuvre |
| To monitor | Surveiller / Contrôler |
| Competitive advantage | Avantage concurrentiel |